Oerlinghausen
General information: First Jewish presence: 17th century; peak Jewish population: 74 in 1872; Jewish population in 1933: 19
Summary: By 1766, the Jews of Oerlinghausen had established a
community and hired a teacher of religion. Oerlinghausen’s
Jewish cemetery (located in Barkhauser Berg) had been
consecrated in the 17th century.
The community’s prayer hall, which was located in a
private residence, was established in, at the latest, 1769.
Local Jews received permission to build a synagogue in
1800, the construction of which was completed in 1803
(renovated in 1832). In 1893, the community inaugurated
a new synagogue on Toensbergerstrasse.
Oerlinghausen’s Jewish school—it was located in a private
residence—became an elementary school in the early 19th
century and, in 1892, a school for religious studies. During
the early decades of the 20th century, children studied religion
with teachers from neighboring communities, as the Jews
of Oerlinghausen were no longer able to employ their own
teacher.
By the late 1920s, the community could no longer gather
enough men for a minyan. The remaining Jews traveled to
Bielefeld for synagogue services, using their own synagogue
for funerals. A local Jew was severely beaten in public in 1935. In July
1938, the synagogue was sold to a local resident. The former
house of worship was attacked on Pogrom Night, but a local
Nazi leader prevented its destruction, citing the fact that
the building was no longer owned by Jews. A Jewish-owned
business was destroyed on Pogrom Night, and two local
Jewish men were arrested.
A Jewish child was born in Oerlinghausen in 1940. Ten
local Jews emigrated (six of them went to South America),
six relocated within Germany and two passed away in
Oerlinghausen. In December 1941, a Jewish couple (the
town’s only remaining Jews) was deported, via Bielefeld,
to Riga. At least eight Oerlinghausen Jews perished in the
Shoah.
Remodeled as an art gallery in 1979 and 1985, the
synagogue building now bears a memorial plaque.
Author / Sources: Nurit Borut
Sources: DGOS, LAV, PK-NW
Sources: DGOS, LAV, PK-NW
Located in: north-rhine-westphalia